BDNF and Alzheimer disease: The findings shown in Figs. 3 and 4 demonstrate that the co-treatment with ABSC and growth factors exerts therapeutic effects by modulating key molecular pathways involved in neuroprotection (PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK), neurotrophic support (BDNF), and inflammation mitigation, demonstrating the potential of this treatment as a disease-modifying intervention in AD (Fig. 4C).