TGFB1 and cancer: While TGF-β1 in a paracrine manner also impaired NK cell migration by downregulating the expression of CXCL10 and CCL27 in cancer cells, and reduced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by inhibiting the expression of key transcription factors (e.g., Eomes, T-bet), cytokines (e.g., IFN-γ), and receptors like NKp30, NKG2D, and others in NK cells.