PPARGC1A and Hepatic fibrosis: At the 7.5 mg/kg dose, NIC significantly enhanced the expression of SIRT-1, AMPK, PGC1-α, PPARγ, and STAT3 by 2.43-, 2.56-, 3.14-, 1.76-, and 1.90-fold, respectively, compared to the TAA-induced liver fibrosis group, and reduced HIF-1α expression by 28.23%.