The use of stand-alone amoxicillin (without clavulanic acid) is usually appropriate for treating infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, in order to cover a wider range of bacterial pathogens (e.g., beta-lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae etc) which could be causing the pneumonia, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is preferably used [29]. This evidence concerns the gene LACTB and pneumonia.