For example, Ma et al. applied MSCsomes for the targeted delivery of dexamethasone in a murine model of rheumatoid arthritis.163 The targeting effect mainly relied on the interaction between lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) present on immune cells and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) preserved on the MSC membrane (Fig. 16A). The gene discussed is ICAM1; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.