BECN1 and infection: Pretreatment of BT cells with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA; 1.0 mmol/L, Fig. 6F) prior to cpBVDV infection (MOI = 1) significantly suppressed BECN1 mRNA expression compared to infection alone or infection with DMSO control (P < 0.001; Fig. 6G).