PTEN and glioblastoma: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has various oncogenic alterations, such as in-frame deletion events generating epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), heterozygous deletion of NF-κB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), amplification/mutation of RTK (either EGFR or PDGFRA), chromosomal translocation generating FGFR1-TACC1 and FGFR3-FGFR3, fusion events generating EGFR-SEPT14 and EGFR-PSPH, mutation/deletion of TP53 and PTEN, CDKN2A or CDKN2B deletion, loss of chromosome 10 and gain of chromosome 7, and so forth.6