Mechanistically, phospholipids from Lactobacillus johnsonii can mature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by upregulating genes related to maturation and migration 124, and it also promotes the synthesis of the metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), which enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in multiple tumor types by promoting the differentiation of progenitor exhausted CD8+ T cells 125. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.