CD274 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Additionally, the bifunctional fusion protein bintrafusp alfa (M7824), which simultaneously targets TGF-β and PD-L1, demonstrated promising results in Phase I trials for advanced solid tumors 179 and Phase II trials for cervical cancer 180; however, Phase II trials in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (NCT04428047) and triple-negative BC (NCT04489940) were terminated due to safety concerns or suboptimal efficacy.