NLRP3 and infection: Both of them can directly drive the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by inducing oxidative stress, potassium outflow, and ASC speck formation through a variety of mechanisms, and this process can be independent of the pyroptosis executive protein GSDMD [37, 38].In addition, Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), which is involved in necroptosis, can act as an upstream sensor of RIPK3 to activate NLRP3 through the RIPK3-caspase-8 axis in specific pathogenic infection states, such as influenza viruses and certain fungi [39].