TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: Mangiferin (MANG) and gentiopicroside (GENPD) have been shown to have an anti-fibrotic effect in preclinical studies for treating pulmonary fibrosis by regulating inflammatory markers (TNF, IL-17, and IL-6) and TGFβ1/Smad and TNF-α/NF-κB signalings18–20.