EGFR and gastric cancer: Building upon comprehensive understanding of these molecular mechanisms, precision-targeted therapies have achieved significant breakthroughs, including anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies for RAS wild-type patients [478, 479], anti-HER2 therapy for HER2-positive gastric cancer [480], and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for MSI-H/dMMR patients, demonstrating objective response rates of 40–60% and offering renewed therapeutic hope for patients [481].