TGFB1 and colorectal cancer: CUB-domain-containing protein 1 potentiates the Wnt pathway in colorectal carcinoma by facilitating the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and simultaneously driving E-cadherin into the nucleus [125].The TGF-β/Smad pathway competitively inhibits β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity through Smad4, while Notch1 epigenetically silences Wnt target gene expression (e.g., by recruiting SET domain bifurcated 1 [SETDB1]), thereby exerting tumor-suppressive effects in colorectal cancer [126].