The discovery of EGFR-activating mutations in a subset of lung cancer patients led to the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with these specific mutations (Kobayashi et al., 2005; Bean et al., 2007; Ninomiya et al., 2018). The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.