TNF and Oral ulcer: ELISA testsrevealed a significant reduction in inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α,IL-1β), maintaining the anti-inflammatory efficacy of dexamethasone.In the SD rat oral ulcer model, MNs adhered well to the mucosa andpromoted the fastest healing with the thickest granulation tissue.Systemic toxicity tests showed no weight loss or organ damage.