Building on this, its major metabolite, tetrahydrocurcumin ameliorated NAFLD by reducing serum levels of toxic BAs, such as 7-keto-deoxycholic acid (7-KDCA) and CA, upregulating hepatic BA efflux transporters, including MRP2 and BSEP, decreasing the Firmicutes phylum, and increasing the Verrucomicrobiota phylum (Peng et al., 2025). This evidence concerns the gene ABCB11 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.