Furthermore, curcumin and nanocurcumin inhibited ROS production and alleviated paraquat (PQ) -induced pulmonary fibrosis by modulating gene expression of the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), HO-1, NQO1, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in lung tissue (Tyagi et al., 2016; Mahlooji et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and pulmonary fibrosis.