The updated criteria encompass seven cardinal features: six or more café-au-lait macules; two or more neurofibromas of any type or one plexiform neurofibroma; axillary or inguinal freckling; optic pathway glioma; two or more Lisch nodules; characteristic bony lesions; or identification of a heterozygous pathogenic NF1 variant through genetic analysis. Here, NF1 is linked to plexiform neurofibroma.