TNF and diabetic kidney disease: Specifically, we investigated the protective role of Art against high glucose (HG)-induced inflammatory biomarkers (transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-1β [IL-1β], and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and fibrosis in human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells, focusing on the involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in DKD.