NLRP3 and liver dysplastic nodule: found that total astragalus extract (TEA) reduced doxorubicin-induced morphological changes, viability loss, and cell death in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the ROS-ERK1/2-NLRP3 inflammasome axis, strongly indicating that the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis in DN (131).