In patients with IgA nephropathy, circulating levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-derived cytokines, notably interleukin-18 (IL-18) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), are significantly elevated (154, 159), underscoring the inflammasome’s central role in disease progression. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is IgA glomerulonephritis.