First, direct neuroinflammation inhibition: 1) Selective elimination of reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radicals, significantly reduces oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the CNS, improving cognitive dysfunction related to sepsis (114); 2)Ferroptosis inhibitors like Liproxstatin-1 reduce neuronal lipid peroxidation while enhancing SAE outcomes and multi-organ function (1, 115); 3)Regulation of TLR4 signaling involves targeted inhibition of the microglial TLR4/NF-κB pathway to prevent neuroinflammation from spreading peripherally (116). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is Sepsis.