CD19 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In SLE, B cell–targeted CAR-T strategies (CD19, BCMA) show early preclinical efficacy and favorable safety signals; preclinical data support anti-CD19 CAR-Ts with 4-1BB, and BCMA-expressing B cell targeting (APRIL-based CAR-T) prolongs survival in SLE models, underpinning ongoing clinical exploration (49, 50).