In a refractory SLE cohort (n=5; 4F/1M), autologous T cells transduced with a lentiviral anti-CD19 CAR vector and given after lymphodepletion (fludarabine/cyclophosphamide) achieved remission at 3 months (median SLEDAI = 0) with durable, drug-free remission beyond eight months; Naïve, non-class-switched B cells re-emerged at a median of 110 days; therapy was well tolerated with only mild, manageable CRS (36). Here, CD19 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.