Dendritic cells (DCs) act as central hubs—IRE combined with VMT/CaO2 NSs captures tumor antigens to form in situ vaccines that promote DC migration (105); a substantial intraprocedural resistance drop (large ΔR) upregulates the CD80 costimulatory molecule on cDC1s (106); PD-L1 blockade specifically activates cDC2s to enhance antigen presentation (36); and nsPEF activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to trigger IL-1β release (107)—collectively strengthening myeloid immune initiation. Here, NLRP3 is linked to neoplasm.