Univariate regression analysis showed that the occurrence of MACE in patients with AF was strongly associated with VAP-1 (P < 0.001), as well as age, HF, CHA2DS2-VASc, DBP, Hb, CRP, Scr, UA, eGFR, IBIL, ALB, NT-proBNP, D dimer, LAD, LVDD (Table 2). The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.