GCG and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In vitro assay, the culture supernatant of MNO-863 notably induced GLP-1 expression in NCI-H716 cells, indicating MNO-863 may enhance the intestinal GLP-1 production, which together with in vivo data suggest the regulation of intestinal hormones as action mechanism for the anti-obesity efficacy of MNO-863.