Current research faces two primary limitations: existing techniques cannot resolve force‒molecular switch coupling at the nanometre scale (e.g., mechanical gating of Piezo1), necessitating the development of AFM-FRET hybrid systems; and static microchannel models inadequately represent dynamic ECM remodelling in vivo (e.g., ±15 kPa stiffness fluctuations in tumour stroma), highlighting the need for optogenetic hydrogel platforms with spatiotemporal control. The gene discussed is PIEZO1; the disease is neoplasm.