PD-L1 is an immune checkpoint protein expressed by some tumours that can bind to PD-1 on T cells and other immune cells, leading to exhaustion and suppression of anti-tumour immunity.26 A recent meta-analysis of 43 publications comprising 11,327 patients showed an increased association between PD-L1 expression and EBVaGC, supporting the rationale for targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in this subgroup.27 Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.