Notably, this specific myeloid subset was characterized by a strong correlation between CCL2 and ISG15/CXCL10 expression (Supplementary Figure 7b-7c), two IFN-regulated genes commonly upregulated in HAM/TSP patients, of which CXCL10 has been validated as a bona fide biomarker for clinical evolution in HAM/TSP50–53. Here, CCL2 is linked to tropical spastic paraparesis.