In a 6-OHDA–induced PD mouse model, Abrishamdar et al. (2023) implemented 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance training (3 days/week, 40 min/day) and observed robust upregulation of the biogenesis markers PGC-1α, NRF-1/2, and TFAM in the substantia nigra; in parallel, the fusion proteins optic atrophy-1 (OPA1; inner-membrane remodeling) and mitofusin-2 (MFN2; OMM fusion) were increased, whereas the fission GTPase dynamin-related protein-1 (Drp1) normalized toward control levels (Jahangiri et al., 2025). This evidence concerns the gene NRF1 and Parkinson disease.