SOX9 and glioblastoma: The FGFR3 signaling pathway, involving genes such as FGFR3, MAPK1/3, and SOX9, is particularly notable because FGFR3–TACC3 fusions are recurrent oncogenic events in IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, driving proliferative and mitogenic signaling through constitutive FGFR3 activation and MAPK/ERK cascades (Broggi et al., 2022; Gao et al., 2020).