INS and gestational diabetes: The combined genotype frequency of H1H1/AG+GG in patients with GDM (4.8%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (3.7%; odds ratio (OR) = 1.973, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.140–3.414, P = 0.015) after adjusting for age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational age at sampling, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and insulin use (Table 3).