In multi-herbal combinations, formulas containing Scrophularia radix and Panax ginseng (e.g., Isam-Tang) have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-apoptotic effects in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis models, alleviating thyroid inflammation and regulating proteins such as Bcl-2 and caspase-3, thereby indicating therapeutic prospects for autoimmune thyroiditis (141, 142). Here, BCL2 is linked to autoimmune thyroid disease.