CASP1 and renal fibrosis: We demonstrated that TFNAs@PLT could reduce inflammation-mediated pyroptosis and apoptosis via Caspase-3/GSDME and NLRP3-mediated Caspase-1/IL-1β pathways in AKI, while also alleviating renal fibrosis through NLRP3/Caspase-1 and TNF-α/NF-κB pathways in CKD.