HCAR2 and colorectal carcinoma: Activation of GPR43 and GPR109a further inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, blocking proliferative signaling 109, while GPR43 activation also downregulates SLC7A11 and GPX4 in a cAMP-PKA-dependent manner, resulting in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in CRC cells 110.