LOX and liver dysplastic nodule: Collectively, Verbascoside’s efficacy arises through its multi-tiered action of suppression of the HIF-1α-LOX/LOXL2 pathway within endothelial cells, normalization of glucose metabolism and endothelial paracrine secretome thereby relieving oxidative and fibrotic stress on mesangial cells, and measurable alleviation of DN manifestations.