CCL2 and kidney disorder: Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a major activator of TGF-β in fibrotic renal disease [44], C–C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCL2) mediates glomerular injury and interstitial fibrosis in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [45], and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (SERPINE1) promotes fibrin deposition and fibrosis by inhibiting matrix degradation [46].