APP and Down syndrome: 2025). Clinically, patients develop progressive deficits in memory, executive function, and language that culminate in loss of independence (Safiri et al. 2024). Non‐age risk factors include cardiometabolic disease, Down syndrome, and lifestyle elements such as inactivity and poor diet (Edwards et al. 2019). Mechanistically, altered processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) with accumulation of Aβ and tau hyperphosphorylation triggers neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction, and synaptic failure that drive degeneration (Kamatham et al. 2024; Tenchov et al. 2024).