These cells were classified into seven distinct cell types: B cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, malignant tumor cells, and monocytes-macrophages, as illustrated in Fig. 4A. The ground truth for model training consisted of 154,317 regulatory relationships within breast tissue, sourced from the Cistrome database [26] and validated by ChIP-seq experiments. Here, CD8A is linked to cancer.