Following stroke, microglia rapidly activate in response to danger signals like ATP, glutamate, and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1), triggering pro-inflammatory responses via receptors such as purinergic (P2X, P2Y), TLRs, and inflammasomes such as NLRP3, which drive cytokine release and exacerbate neuronal damage [5]. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is Stroke.