As a third-generation retinoid, Adapalene suppresses Tlr2/NF-κB-driven neuroinflammation by inhibiting lipoxygenase-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism while concurrently activating RAR-β to enhance neuronal antioxidant defenses, as evidenced in ALS models where its nanoformulation (Adap-NPs) crosses the blood–brain barrier; prolongs survival, and mitigates oxidative apoptosis [44, 45]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.