Multiple TFs, including NF-κB, CEBPB, and SPI1, have been shown to directly bind to the promoter regions of target genes and regulate the transcription of inflammatory mediators54,55.In the mRNA-TF regulatory network constructed in this study, core genes such as IL-1 A and IL-1B were found to be regulated by numerous TFs, further supporting their central role in the occurrence and progression of TB. Here, TF is linked to tuberculosis.