TLR4 and neoplasm: Multiple independent studies have confirmed that EP significantly inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis in various solid tumor models, including gastric cancer, malignant mesothelioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, non‐small cell lung cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, by blocking the HMGB1–RAGE/TLR4/NF‐κB signaling axis [147, 148, 149, 150, 151]; in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, EP also prolongs animal survival by downregulating the HMGB1–Src/ERK pathway [152].