Additionally, HMGB1 induces CAF secretion of pro‐tumor factors (IL‐6, TGF‐β, VEGF) through a RAGE‐dependent mechanism, promoting tumor angiogenesis, immunosuppressive cell (Treg, MDSC) recruitment, and ECM remodeling—to build a stromal barrier favorable for tumor growth/metastasis [97, 103]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.