While prior studies have implicated extracellular ENO1 in CD14-dependent TLR4 signaling in monocytes [27] and a paracrine ENO1/TLR4/IL-6 axis driving metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma [29], its direct interaction with TLR4 in GBM remained unexplored. Here, CD14 is linked to oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.