NOS3 and endothelial dysfunction: Noise can activate downstream stress response, such as the activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which further converges in oxidative stress and inflammation associated with endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, endothelial dysfunction, high blood pressure and hyperglycemia, subsequently triggering adverse health outcomes (Sørensen et al., 2024).