AC, ante cibum (before meals); CXR_AoAC, chest X-ray aortic arch calcification, graded on a 4-point scale (0 if no calcification, 1 if < 50% of the arch calcified, 2 if > 50% of the arch calcified, 3 if circumferential calcification); DM, diabetes mellitus; Hb, Hemoglobin; TEF, total ejection fraction; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular Event; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; RI/ACEI/ARB, renin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. Here, ACE is linked to diabetes mellitus.