GLP1R and diabetes mellitus: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide, as well as dual agonists like tirzepatide, are primarily used for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity due to their effects on glucose homeostasis and appetite regulation [4].