In subtype 2, A total of 13 overlapping genes were identified between the 1946 PLS1 genes and the 107 known PD-related genes, including 5 positive genes (SNCB, LRRK2, UBE2G1, MAPK10, MPP1) and 8 negative genes (PSMB7, STX12, PSMB1, SNCA, YWHAB, STX7, UCHL1, MAPK3) (all pFDR < 0.05; Fig. 4E). The gene discussed is PSMB1; the disease is Parkinson disease.