TNF and Alzheimer disease: The p38/MK2 signaling axis regulates proinflammatorycytokine productionand RNA-binding protein activity in both immune cells and neurons.In microglia, this pathway drives the expression of TNF-α, IL-6,and other inflammatory mediators that contribute to Alzheimer’sdisease-associated neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, and dendriticspine loss, ultimately impairing cognitive performance and plasticity. Inhibition of this axis reduces neuroinflammatorysignaling and improves memory in multiple AD models, highlightingits therapeutic relevance.