For example, they can: (1) regulate protein translation and gene silencing in a manner similar to miRNAs—such as RSV-induced tRFs that silence antiviral host transcripts [56,60]; (2) act as immune activators by being secreted and signaling to endosomal Toll-like receptors in neighboring cells; [61] or (3) bind and sequester proteins in a manner than influences infection (i.e. tRF that sequesters proviral factor La/SSB during HCV infection) [57,59]. Here, SSB is linked to infection.