CD4 and neoplasm: Immune reaction of CD4+ T cells modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) through cytokine secretion or co-stimulation signals (Xiao et al., 2022; Schoenberger et al., 1998; Bennett et al., 1998) and help CD8+ T cell priming through modulating dendritic cells (DCs) (Ridge et al., 1998; Espinosa-Carrasco et al., 2024).