TNF and infection: We did not observe consistent signs of systemic inflammation in either log-phase or stationary-phase high-dose infection cohorts at 2 hpi, as TNF levels were only elevated in stationary phase infected mice (Fig. 4A), IL-6 levels were only elevated in log-phase-infected mice (Fig. 4B), and IL-1β levels were unchanged compared to mock-infected control mice (Fig. 4C).