SERPINE1 and Nephropathy: FSH enhances the expression of collagen IV, fibronectin (FN), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1), stimulates the secretion of Interleukin-8(IL-8) by human kidney 2 (HK-2) cells, promotes macrophage migration, exacerbates tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and worsens kidney damage (Zhang et al., 2019).