AKT1 and neoplasm: Dimers enhance activity by linking two molecules of artemisinin, such as a 2-5-fold increase in anti-malarial activity and stronger inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which can overcome tumor resistance (Çapcı et al., 2021; Yue et al., 2023; Chen et al., 2025; Jiang et al., 2025).