Artemisinin and its derivatives can reduce DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation, inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and regulate the cell cycle through multiple pathways, such as the TLR/NF-κB, Keap1/Nrf2, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, thereby exerting a therapeutic effect on lung cancer and pre-lung cancer diseases. The gene discussed is KEAP1; the disease is lung cancer.